Doctors recommend a number of health screening tests for post-menopausal women.  One of the most important tests is a DEXA scan, commonly known as a bone density scan.  This test measures bone mineral density, which helps identify bone loss.  Women age 65 and older should receive a DEXA scan every two years.  Post-menopausal women under age 65 should consider having the test if they have certain risk factors including smoking, high alcohol use, a sedentary lifestyle, take steroid medications, or have a family history of low bone density or osteoporosis.

How does menopause affect bone density?

Bone loss increases significantly after menopause.  Research shows up to 20% of bone loss occurs during this stage of life.  Hormone levels change during menopause, and estrogen levels fluctuate and then decrease.  This helps speed up bone loss and contributes to osteoporosis, a progressive condition in which bones weaken, become brittle, and are more likely to fracture.  One in two post-menopausal women are likely to develop osteoporosis and will suffer a fracture at some point.

Is a DEXA scan invasive?

DEXA scans are safe, fast, and non-invasive.  The scanning machine uses dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to diagnose bone loss and osteoporosis.  Low doses of radiation are used.  Most women will have scans of their hip and spine, along with a forearm or wrist.  The scan takes just a few minutes, and no specific preparations are necessary.

What results will I see?

DEXA scans can reveal bone thinning, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.  Osteopenia is lower than normal bone mineral density, a precursor to osteoporosis.  Bones are weakened, but steps can be taken to strengthen them.  Recommendations often include nutritional supplements of calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium.  Resistance training and weight bearing exercises may also be suggested.  An osteoporosis diagnosis means the bones are fragile and more prone to fractures.  Bone is being broken down faster than the body can replace it.  There are often no symptoms of osteoporosis until a fracture occurs.  Osteoporosis can’t be cured, but it can be managed with medications that prevent further bone loss.  The physician will want to monitor the patient to make sure the bone loss does not worsen, and that DEXA scans are performed as needed.  Persons with osteoporosis may require more frequent scans.

RMD Primary Care

The physicians at RMD Primary Care offer a variety of services to support women’s health.  Contact us to schedule an appointment.