The major risk factor for skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.  UV radiation can cause basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer.  While sunning at the pool or the beach or engaging in other outdoor activities and popular summer pastimes, remember that damage from UV exposure is cumulative.  Whenever the skin is exposed to the sun without protection, the cancer risk is increased.

Two Types of UV Rays

There are two types of UV rays – UVA and UVB.  UVA rays penetrate the skin deeply, leading to tanning, skin aging, and wrinkles.  UVA light is also the main type of light used in tanning beds.  The skin is exposed to UVA rays even on cloudy days.

UVB rays penetrate the outermost layers of skin.  These rays cause sunburn, tanning, and skin cancer.  UVB rays are strongest from late morning through mid-afternoon.

Protect Yourself with Sunscreen

People can safely enjoy activities in the sun by avoiding sun exposure during the sunniest part of the day and using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher.  SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor.  The higher the SPF number, the better the protection from UVB rays.  Sunscreen with SPF 30 is good for everyday use.  SPF 50 or higher is good for prolonged outdoor activities.  Sunscreen should be reapplied at least every 2 hours.  Water-resistant formulas are best for swimming or activities that will cause sweating.  Use a lip balm with at least SPF 15 to protect lips.

Two Main Types of Sunscreen

Sunscreens generally fall into two categories – mineral sunscreens and chemical sunscreens.

• Mineral sunscreens – contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide to protect from UV rays.  They sit on the skin’s surface and don’t absorb into the bloodstream.  Good for people with sensitive skin, rosacea, or eczema.  Today’s formulations leave less white residue on the skin.
• Chemical sunscreens – contain chemical compounds such as Avobenzone, Oxybenzone, or Octinoxate which absorb UV rays and convert them to heat.  Needs time to absorb into the skin before being effective.  Typically transparent on the skin with better water resistance.

Besides sunscreen, what are other ways to protect the skin?

Another way to protect the skin from sun damage is by wearing UPF clothing outdoors.  These fabrics with a UPF 50 block 98% of the sun’s rays.  Wear a hat with a wide brim to shield the head, face, ears, neck, shoulders, and upper back from the sun.  Tightly woven hats work best.  Wear sunglasses that provide 100% UV or UV 400 protection for the eyes.  This also helps protect against cataracts.  When possible, avoid direct sun exposure between 10am-4pm.  If outside, try to stay in the shade.

RMD Primary Care

The doctors at RMD Primary Care offer a variety of healthcare services to support your physical wellbeing.  Contact us to schedule an appointment.